Probability is the extent to which an event is likely to occur. The probability scale ranges from 0 to 1. An event that is certain to occur has a probability of 1, while an event that is certain not to occur has a probability of 0.
Product law, the product law states that the probability of two or more independent events occurring simultaneously is equal to the product of their individual probabilities. When two or more events with known probabilities occur independently but at the same time, we can calculate the probability of their possible outcomes occurring together by applying the product rule/law.
Sum law, The sum law states that the probability of obtaining any single outcome, where that outcome can be achieved by two or more events, is equal to the sum of the individual probabilities of all such events. If we want to calculate the probability when the possible outcomes of two events are independent of one another but can be accomplished in more than one way, we can apply the sum law.
The two Mendel’s laws also follow the same rules of tossing
coins. There are two basic rules of probability that help us predict the
outcome of the fusion of gametes.
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