Johann Mendel was born in 1822 to a peasant family in the Central European village of Heinzendorf. He studied philosophy for several years. In 1843 he was admitted to the Augustinian Monastery of St. Thomas in Brno (now part of the Czech Republic). In 1851 he attended the University of Vienna, where he studied physics and botany. In 1854, he returned to Brno and started teaching physics and natural science for the next 16 years.
In 1856, Mendel started his research and performed set of hybridization experiments with the garden pea. His experiments continued until 1868. In 1884, Mendel died of a kidney disorder.
Mendel first reported the results of some simple genetic crosses between certain strains of the garden pea in 1865.In the early twentieth century, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich Tschermak (botanists) performed hybridization experiments and reached conclusions similar to those of Mendel.
About the same time, Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri (cytologists), independently published papers linking their discoveries of the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis to the Mendelian principles of segregation and independent assortment.
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