A vascular plant consists of a root system and a shoot system.
Root System
The root system anchors the plant into the soil, from which it absorbs water and ions. Roots evolved as an adaptation to living on land.
Shoot System
The shoot system consists of the stem, leaves, flowers, and ultimately, fruits and seeds. Stems serve as an attachment surface for leaves. leaves are the principal sites of photosynthesis. Flowers are the reproductive organs of the plant.
The shoot also consists of repeating internode, node, and axillary bud. An axillary bud is a lateral shoot apex that gives rise to new branches or replaces the main shoot if it is eaten by an herbivore.
Roots and shoots grow at their tips, called apices (singular, apex).
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