Chapter 20: Reproduction

 Reproduction

 

Human Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System

 

1.     Describe the structure and function of male reproductive organs.

2.     What is the function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

3.     Describe the role of Leydig cells in the testes.

4.     Where is the epididymis located and what are its functions?

5.     How long is the uncoiled length of the duct of the epididymis?

6.     Explain the process of sperm transport in the male reproductive system.

7.     What is the function of the vasa efferentia?

8.     Describe the pathway of sperms from the testes to the urethra.

9.     Identify and relate structure to function in the male reproductive system.

10.  Why are testes located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum?

11.  Which ducts are involved in the male reproductive system?

12.  Explain how the vas deferens contributes to sperm transport.

13.  Here are SLO-based questions from the provided page of your Biology book:

Male Reproductive System – Semen & Spermatogenesis

14.  Describe the composition and function of semen.

15.  What is semen and which glands contribute to its formation?

16.  How does semen help in increasing the fertilizing power of sperms?

17.  Why is semen alkaline in nature?

18.  Explain the process of spermatogenesis.

19.  Define spermatogenesis.

20.  Where does spermatogenesis take place in the testes?

21.  Which type of cell divides to produce spermatogonia?

22.  Differentiate between primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes.

23.  Draw Labeled diagram related to male reproductive system.

24.  Identify and describe the function of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules.

25.  Why is the temperature in the scrotum slightly lower than body temperature?

26.  Describe the composition and role of semen.

27.  List the glands that contribute to the production of semen.

28.  What is the role of the seminal vesicles in semen composition?

29.  How does the prostate gland contribute to semen?

30.  Explain the function of the alkaline nature of semen in reproduction.

31.  How do prostaglandins in semen assist in reproduction?

32.  What type of division changes primary spermatocytes into secondary spermatocytes?

33.  What is the role of Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis?

Hormonal Control, Sperm,

34.  Describe hormonal control of male reproductive functions.

35.  Which gland secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

36.  Name the two hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary that regulate sperm production.

37.  What is the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in spermatogenesis?

38.  Explain the function of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the male reproductive system.

39.  What is the role of inhibin in regulating sperm production?

40.  Explain the structure and function of sperm.

41.  Describe the shape and size of a human sperm.

42.  What is contained in the head of the sperm?

43.  Explain the function of the acrosome.

44.  What is the role of mitochondria in the sperm midpiece?

45.  Why does a sperm have a long tail (flagellum)?

46.  How many sperm are produced daily in a healthy male?

Female Reproductive System

47.  Describe the structure and function of the female reproductive system.

48.  List the organs of the female reproductive system.

49.  Where are the ovaries located and what is their function?

50.  Define ovulation.

51.  What is a Graafian follicle and what happens to it after ovulation?

52.  Describe the role of the fallopian tubes in reproduction.

53.  What is the function of fimbriae?

54.  Where does fertilization usually occur?

55.  Define implantation and explain when it occurs.

56.  Relate structure to function in reproduction.

57.  How do the cilia in the fallopian tubes assist reproduction?

Ovary, Oogenesis & Cervix

58.  Describe the structure and function of the ovary.

59.  Where are the ovaries located in the female reproductive system?

60.  What is the role of the ovary in reproduction?

61.  Define ovum and explain how it is released from the ovary.

62.  Explain the process of oogenesis.

63.  Define oogenesis.

64.  At what stage of life does oogenesis begin in females?

65.  What is a primary oocyte and how is it formed?

66.  Explain the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in oogenesis.

67.  What happens to the secondary oocyte if fertilization occurs?

68.  Differentiate between the primary oocyte and secondary oocyte in terms of chromosome number.

69.  How many polar bodies are formed during oogenesis, and what happens to them?

70.  Draw and label diagrams related to oogenesis.

71.  Label the diagram showing a section through the female reproductive system.

72.  Draw Label the stages of follicle development in ovary.

73.  Relate structure to function in the female reproductive system.

74.  What is the importance of the Graafian follicle in reproduction?

75.  Describe the cervix and its function.

Menstrual Cycle

76.  Describe the phases of the menstrual cycle.

77.  Define the menstrual cycle and state its average duration.

78.  Which hormone stimulates ovulation during the menstrual cycle?

79.  List the three main phases of the menstrual cycle.

80.  Describe the main events occurring during the menstrual phase (Days 1–5).

81.  What hormonal changes occur during the menstrual phase?

82.  What is the proliferative (follicular) phase and how long does it last?

83.  Which hormone stimulates the regeneration of the endometrium in the proliferative phase?

84.  Describe the main events of the secretory (luteal) phase (Days 14–28).

85.  What is the role of progesterone in the secretory phase?

86.  What happens to the endometrium if fertilization does not occur?

87.  Label the diagram showing phases of the menstrual cycle (Fig. 20.7).

88.  How does the corpus luteum affect the menstrual cycle?

89.  Why does the endometrium become thick and vascular during the secretory phase?

Disorders of Reproductive System

90.  Describe two common disorders of the reproductive system.

91.  Define infertility and list its main causes.

92.  How can infections lead to infertility?

93.  What role does blocked fallopian tubes play in female infertility?

94.  How can hormonal imbalances affect reproduction?

95.  Name two surgical causes that may lead to infertility.

96.  What is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?

97.  Outline the main steps of the IVF process.

98.  What is an abortion?

99.  Differentiate between natural abortion and induced abortion.

100.    List three lifestyle-related causes of abortion.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

101. Describe common sexually transmitted diseases and their causes.

102. What is gonorrhea and which microorganism causes it?

103. Describe the symptoms of gonorrhea in males and females.

104. How can gonorrhea be treated?

105. What is syphilis and what organism causes it?

106. List the main stages of syphilis.

107. Which antibiotics are used to treat syphilis?

108. Explain AIDS and its effects on the human body.

109. What is the full form of AIDS?

110. Which virus causes AIDS and what type of virus is it?

111. How does HIV attack the immune system?

112. Why is AIDS considered a fatal disease?

113. How is AIDS transmitted from one person to another?

114. Describe prevention and treatment methods for STDs.

115. How can gonorrhea and syphilis be prevented?

116. Name at least three methods to prevent the spread of AIDS.